On the basis of polyconjugated systems, biomaterials have been developed that have hemocompatibility and are capable of releasing pharmacologically active substances. The prospects for the use of oxidative polymerization and copolymerization of aniline, pyrrole, dopamine and functional derivatives of aniline in the synthesis of electrically conductive polymers for biomedical purposes are considered. It has been shown that carrying out oxidative polymerization of aromatic amines, pyrroles and dopamine makes it possible to obtain nanosized polymer systems suitable for selective sorption of biologically active substances. As an alternative approach, it is proposed to carry out oxidative polymerization on the surface of inorganic carriers, which opens up new prospects for the creation of sorbents for lymphosorption, hemosorption and purification of biological fluids. The regularities underlying the production of hybrid composite materials are revealed and the prospects for their use for the creation of systems that imitate muscles are outlined. The prospects for the development of dopamine-containing complexing polymers for binding and controlled release of iron ions, which can be used in the treatment of anemia, are outlined. The materials under consideration have high mechanical strength, significant electrical conductivity and adsorption capacity.