Introduction:
Football is a complicated sport that requires endurance and intensity, and has an increased osteogenic effect, mainly in the lower limbs. However, bone formation requires an adequate and continuous supply of nutrients (calcium, magnesium, etc.).

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of biochemical health indicators and anthropometric characteristics on the BMD of amateur football players of a football team from Thessaloniki, Greece.

Methodology:
The sample consisted of 20 males amateur soccer players aged 19-35 years (mean age 24.80 ± 4.56). The bone mineral density was measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) method. Hematological and biochemical markers were done using standard laboratory methods.

Results:
The measurements of BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) (x ̅=1.27), BMD in left and right dual femur (x ̅=1.28) and BMD in left and right forearm (x ̅=0.75), were examined. Positive correlations were observed between BMD and age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Body Fat Mass Index (BFMI), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) and blood potassium levels. Also, BMD in right dual femur was negatively correlated with blood sugar levels. Specifically, based on two multiple linear regression models, if blood sugar levels are increased by 1 unit, the BMD of the right dual femur would decrease by 0.007 units, while if blood potassium levels are increased by 1 unit, this BMD will increase by 0.372 units. Also, if BMR and blood threonine levels are increased by 1 unit, BMD in the lumbar spine would increase by 0.001 and 0.339 units, respectively, while if plasma tyrosine concentrations increased by 1 unit, the BMD will get decreased by 0.448 units.

Conclusions:
BMD is affected by several anthropometric measurements, and biochemical health indicators, making it a useful predictor of a footballer’s health.