An evidenced based approach will be followed throughout the workshop focused on the ESPEN guidelines on enteral (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN)^1,2,3.Oral diet shall be preferred over EN and PN in patients who are able to eat favoring a “food first” approach. If oral intake is not possible, early EN (within 48 h) in critically ill adult patients should be initiated. In general indications and contra-indications of EN and PN nutrition will be presented along with their possible side effects. The types of different enteral formulas will be discussed, as well as indications on the dosing, rate and route of administration. In case of contraindications to oral and EN, PN should be implemented within three to seven days. PN options will be discussed. A special reference will be made to the refeeding syndrome and ways to prevent and diagnose it. The workshop will be illustrated with real -life examples/ case studies.