Several whole diet approaches, i.e. dietary patterns, have been explored in the context of weight management. The Mediterranean diet is one of them. The concept of this diet was originally conceived by Ancel Keys, in the Seven Countries Study¹; nowadays, the term Mediterranean diet is widely used to describe a dietary pattern characterized by the abundance of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes) and the use of olive oil as the principal source of fat². It also includes moderate amounts of dairy products (principally cheese and yogurt), low to moderate amounts of fish and poultry, red meat in low amounts, and wine consumed modestly. Higher adherence to this pattern has been found to prevent long-term weight gain^3,4,5 and to produce significant weight loss, with or without energy restriction⁶. In relation to weight loss maintenance, results from our group in a large cohort of weight loss maintainers and regainers (the MedWeight study) indicate that high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with a 2-fold increased likelihood of weight loss maintenance⁷.