Alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates are widely used in medicine due to the following features: biodegradability, low toxicity, and the ability to quickly polymerize in a neutral aqueous medium without the use of initiators. This work is devoted to the synthesis of surface active derivatives of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate and various long-chain primary alcohols, as well as drug-containing nanoparticles based on them. The work was carried out in several stages. First, adduct monomers were formed from various primary fatty alcohols and purified ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate by acid catalysis in an inert atmosphere. Recrystallized 2-cyanoacrylic acid, that was previously obtained from pure ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate by the mechanism of thermal β-decay of carboxyl compounds, was used as a catalyst, due to its high acidity, non-toxicity and good solubility in cyanoacrylates and their derivatives. A series of empty model particles, as well as particles containing the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin, were obtained in a neutral aqueous medium from surface-active adduct monomers based on linear primary alcohols by the mechanism of emulsion polymerization with partially cross-linked polymer chains formation. The particle size was investigated by the method of dynamic light scattering. It was assessed that size of the particles depends on the used primary alcohol molecular weight. For the filled particles, the average hydrodynamic diameter did not exceed 350 nm. The content of the physiologically active substance in the filled particles was determined by UV spectrophotometry. It was 90% of the initially loaded preparation. The formation of adduct monomers and the structure of nanoparticles obtained from them were confirmed by the combined method of ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Thus, a technique for obtaining nanoscale carriers of drugs that have prospects in the treatment of such serious diseases as tuberculosis was developed.